Legal barriers to implementing recommendations for universal, routine prenatal HIV testing.

The research technique most widely used currently to study aggression in primates is the Relational Model, which, unlike the earlier Individual Model, places conflict and conflict resolution in social settings of groups and communities. Recent studies have suggested that conciliatory behavior after conflict is common in mammals, and is especially prominent in primates; such behaviors range along a spectrum from touching, hand-holding, grooming, and kissing to sexual intercourse. The Valuable Relationship Hypothesis—reconciliation after conflict is most intense between individuals who stand to lose a great deal if their relationship deteriorates—may have special relevance to human conflict.